مطالعہ قرآن میں ’ برنارڈلیوس‘ کےمنہج کا تنقیدی جائزہ
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BERNARD LEWIS’S APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF QUR’AN
Keywords:
Orientalists and Qur’an , Bernard Lewis and Qur’an, Soursec of Qur’an , Skepticism in Qur’an , History of Qur’anAbstract
Bernard Lewis is one of the most widely read orientalists of Islamic history in the Middle East. His proposed recommendation has been widely welcomed by Western policymakers. Lewis did not write an account of the Holy Qur'an but his views about Quran are scattered in his various academic works. Lewis's special focus was on the Qur'an. He raised questions about the divine status of the holy book and the literacy of the Prophet of Islam. He argued that the sources of the Qur’an are Jewish and Christian in origin. This article comprises a critical analysis of Lewis’s approach to the study of the Qur’an. A critical and analytical methodology has been adopted in the context of Bernard Lewis’s controversies and scepticism regarding the Quran. The purpose of this study is to emphasise the refutation created by Bernard Lewis on the prestigious book Holy Quran.
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Kramer, Martin, "Bernard Lewis" in Encyclopedia of Historian and Historical writing, Fitzroy Dearborn London, 1999, Vol 1, P:719-720
Abdul Aziz, Amir, Darasat fi Uloom al-Quran, Beruit: Moassasa tul furqan, 1403 H., p. 10
Lewis, Bernard, Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople: Religion and Society, New York: Oxford University Press,1987, vol 2, p. xviii
Ibid
Al-Qur'an 25:5
Asfahani, Raghib Abu al-Qasim, al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran, Demascus: Dar al-Qalam, 1498 H., p. 324
Al-Qur'an 2: 282
Al-Qur'an 26: 193,194
Al-Qur'an 6:19
Qurtubi, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Al-Jamī' li-'Aḥkām Al-Quran, Demascus: Dar ul fikr, 1407 H., p.73-75
Ibid
Al-Qur'an 65: 3
Al-Qur'an 9: 33
Al-Qur'an 30:2
Al-Qur'an 4: 82
Sale, George, The Koran, New York, Frederick Warne & Co, 1891, P:50
Lewis, Bernard, The Arabs in History, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992, P.35
Ibid
Watt. W. Montgomery, Muhammad Prophet and Statesman, London, Oxford University Press, 1974, P.39
Ibid
Bucaille, Maurice, The Bible the Quran and Science, United States, Create Space Independent Publishing, 2003,p. 86
Ibid
Al-Qur'an 5: 48
Al-Qur'an 11: 49
Bucaille, The Bible the Quran and Science, P.31
Sassi Alam, Al Hajj, Azahir al-Istashraqia Wa Asraha ala-adarasat al-islamia,Malta: Markaz Darasat Al Alam al-Islami,1991,p:30-32
An-Qur'an 53: 3,4
Qurtubi, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Al-Jamī' li-'Aḥkām Al-Quran, vol. 4, p.85
Lewis, Bernard, The Arabs in History, P.34
Ibid, P.41
Mehdi Rizqullah, Al Seerat un Nabbviya fi du’l masadir al-aslia, Riyadh: Darasat Tahleelia, 1412 H., p.16
Ibid
Hamada, Farooq, Masadir Al-seerat-al-nabviya wa taqvemeeha, Riyadh: Al dar al-beyda,1400 H., p:23
Al-Qur'an 93: 6,7
Al-Qur'an 8:14
Al-Qur'an 8:17
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